Main Ideas |
Important People |
Section 1:
Advances in science and technology helped solve urban problems, including overcrowding. Section 2: Reforms in public education led to a rise in national literacy and the promotion of public education. Section 3: African Americans led the fight against voting restrictions and Jim Crow laws. Section 4: As Americans had more time for leisure activities, a modern mass culture emerged. Important TermsSection 2:
Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute- Booker T. Washington headed this university, now known as Tuskegee University. Aimed to equip African Americans with teaching diplomas and useful skills in agricultural,domestic, or mechanical work. Section 3: Poll Tax- an annual tax that had to be paid before qualifying to vote Plessy v. Ferguson- the Supreme Court ruled that the separation of races in public and private facilities Debt Peonage- a system that bound laborers into slavery in order to work off a debt to the employer Section 4: Ashcan School- led by Eakin's student Robert Henri, painted urban life and working people with gritty realism and no frills Rural Free Delivery (RFD)- system that brought packages directly to every home Acts, Laws, And MoreSection 2:
Niagara Movement- which insisted that blacks should seek a liberal arts education so that the African-American community would have well educated-leaders Grandfather Clause- To Reinstate white voters who may have failed the literacy test or could not pay the poll tax, several Southern states added this clause to the constitution, stated that even if a man failed the literacy test, or could not pay the poll tax, he was still entitled to vote if hem his father, or grandfather could vote before January 1,1867. Segregation- laws to separate white and black people in public and private facilities Jim Crow Laws- the laws made to segregate white people and black people |
Section 1: Louis Sullivan- architect, designed the ten-story Wainwright Building in St. Louis, called it a "proud and soaring thing." its steel framework supported both floors and walls. Daniel Burnham- designed a slender 285-foot tower in 1902. The Flatiron building and other new buildings served as symbols of a rich and optimistic society. Frederick Law Olmsted- landscape architect, spearheaded the movement for planned urban parks Orville and Wilbur Wright- were bicycle manufacturers from Dayton, Ohio, experimented with new engines powerful enough to keep "heaver-than-air" craft aloft. First the Wright brothers built a glider. Then they commissioned a four-cylinder internal combustion engine, chose a propeller, and designed a biplane with a 40'4" wingspan. Their first successful flight- on December 17, 1903, at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina- covered 120 feet and lasted 12 seconds. George Eastman- developed a series of more convenient alternatives to the heavy glass plates previously used. Section 2: Booker T. Washington- believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, headed the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute W.E.B. Du Bois- the first African American to receive a doctorate from Harvard (in 1895), strongly disagreed with Washington's gradual approach Section 3: Ida B. Wells-editor of a local paper. racial justice was a persistent theme in Well's reporting. Events of March 9, 1892 turned that theme into a crusade Section 4: Joseph Pullitzer- a Hungarian immigrant who had bought the New York World in 1883, pioneered popular innovations, such as a large Sunday edition, comics, sports coverage, and women's news. William Randolph Hearst- who had purchased the New York Morning Journal in 1895. Hearst, who already owned the San Francisco Examiner, sought to outdo hypnotism, and even an imaginary conquest of Mars. Mark Twain- inspired a host of other young authors when he declared his independence of "literature and all that bosh" |