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Main Idea- Political, economic, and social change in late 19th century America led to broad progressive reforms.
Important Terms: Muckrakers- journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life in mass circulation magazines during the 20th century Scientific Management- studies to see just how quickly each task could be performed Initiative- a bill organized by the people rather than lawmakers Referendum- a vote on the initiative Recall- enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face another election before the end of their term if enough voters asked for it Laws and More: Progressive Movement- aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life Prohibition- the banning of alcoholic beverages Seventeenth Amendment- before 1913, each state's legislature had chosen its own U.S. senators, which put even more power in the hands of party bosses and wealthy corporation heads. To force senators to be more responsive to the public, progressives pushed for the popular election of senators. At first, the Senate refused to go along with the idea, but gradually more and more states began allowing voters to nominate senatorial candidates in direct primaries. Important People: Florence Kelley- became an advocate for improving the lives of women and children. She was appointed chief inspector of factories for Illinois after she had helped to win passage of the Illinois Factory Act in 1893. The act soon became a model for other states. Robert M. La Follette- Wisconsin led the way in regulating big business "Fighting Bob" La Follette served three terms as governor before he entered the U.S. Senate in 1906 Section 4:
Main Idea- Taft's ambivalent approach to progressive reform led to a split in the Republican Party and the loss of the presidency to the Democrats
Important Terms: Bull Moose Party- the progressive party soon went by this name after Roosevelt boasted that he was "as strong as a bull moose" the party's platform called fro the direct election of senators and the adoption in all states of the initiative, referendum, and recall Laws and More: Payne-Aldrich Tariff- compromise that only moderated the high rates of the Aldrich Bill. Important People: Gifford Pinchot-, head of the U.S. Forest Service under president Roosevelt, took a middle ground, believed that wilderness areas could be scientifically managed to yield public enjoyment while allowing private development William Howard Taft- selected to run against William Jennings Bryan, who had been nominated by the Democrats for the third time. The Republicans won an easy victory Woodrow Wilson- in the 1912 presidential election, they put forward as their candidate a reform governor of New Jersey |
Main Idea- As a result of social and economic change, many women entered public life as workers and reformers.
Important Terms: NACW- National Association of Colored Women, merging two earlier organizations. Josephine Ruffin identified the mission of the African-American women's club movement as "the moral education of the race with which we are identified" Managed nurseries,reading rooms, and kindergartens. Suffrage- the right to vote NAWSA- National American Woman Suffrage Association, Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton founded the NWSA which united with another group in 1890 to form this group Important People: Susan B. Anthony- a leader proponent of woman suffrage, help found the NWSA and NAWSA. Section 3:Important Terms:
The Jungle- a book by Upton Sinclair, his focus was the human condition in the stockyards of Chicago Conservation- Roosevelt and Pinchot, did not share the same views as Muir, to them conservation meant that some wilderness areas would be preserve while others would be developed for the common good. NAACP- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, The NAACP, had over 6,000 people by 1914 and aimed for nothing less than full equality among the races. Laws and More: Square Deal- the carious progressive reforms sponsored by the Roosevelt administration Meat Inspection Act- dictated strict cleanliness requirements for meat packers and created the program of federal meat inspection that was in use until it was replaced by more sophisticated techniques in the 1990s Pure Food and Drug Act- which halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling Important People: Upton Sinclair- wrote the book, The Jungle which talked about the sickening conditions of the meatpacking industry Theodore Roosevelt- was the president at the time, worked to get the meat inspection act and the pure food and drug act Section 5:Main Idea- Woodrow Wilson established a strong reform agenda as a progressive leader
Important Terms: Federal Trade Commission (FTC)- watchdog agency was given the power to investigate possible violations of regulatory statutes, to require periodic reports from corporations, and to put an end to a number of unfair business practices Laws and More: Clayton Antitrust Act- sought to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1980. The Clayton Act prohibited corporations fro acquiring the stock of another if doing so would create a monopoly Federal Reserve System- system still serves as a basis of the nation's banking system Nineteenth Amendment- granted woman the right to vote Important People: Carrie Chapman Catt- NAWSA's president, saw victory on the horizon. Catt expressed optimism in a letter to her friend. Had an emergency suffrage convention in 1916 |