Section 1: Imperialism and America |
Section 2: The Spanish-American War |
Main Idea: Beginning in 1867 and continuing through the century, global competition caused the United States to expand.
Important People: Queen Liliuokalani- Queen of Hawaii in 1893. Many people wanted to overthrow her. Alfred T. Mahan- Admiral of the U.S. Navy. He urged government officials to build up American naval power in order to compete with other powerful nations. William Seward- Secretary of State under presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. In 1867, he arranged for the U.S. to buy Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 Million. Sanford B. Dole- head of government Important Terms: Imperialism- the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories Pearl Harbor- In 1887, they pressured Hawaii to build this United States naval base, the kingdom's best port. The base became a refueling station for American ships Section 3: Acquiring New LandsMain Idea: In the early 1900s, the United States engaged in conflicts in Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines
Important People: Emilio Aguinaldo- rebel leader, believed that the U.S. had promised independence. John Hay- U.S. secretary of state issued in 1899, a series of policy statements Important Terms: Protectorate- a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power Open Door Notes- Letters addressed to the leaders of imperialists nations proposing that the nations share their trading rights with the U.S. Boxer Rebellion- the international forces put this down, thousands of Chinese people died during the fighting Important Laws, Treaties, and More: Platt Amendment- Cuba could not make treaties that might limit its independence or permit a foreign power to control any part of its territory, the U.S. reserved the right to intervene in Cuba, Cuba was not to go into debt that its government could not repay, the U.S. could buy or lease land on the island for naval stations and refueling stations |
Main Idea: In 1898, the United States went to war to help Cuba win its independence from Spain.
Important People: Jose Marti- a Cuban poet and journalist in exile in New York, launched a revolution in 1895. Marti organized Cuban resistance against Spain, using an active guerrilla campaign and deliberately destroying property, especially American-owned sugar mills and plantations. Valeriano Weyler- sent to Cuba in 1896 to restore order Weyler tried to crush the rebellion by herding the entire rural population of central and western Cuba into barbed-wire concentration camps George Dewey- gave command to open fire on the Spanish fleet at Manila, the Philippine capital Important Terms: Yellow Journalism- style of writing, exaggerates the news to lure and enrage readers U.S.S Marine- an American ship Rough Riders- a volunteer cavalry under the command of Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt San Juan Hill- infantry attack happened here, Roosevelt was declared the hero of San Juan Hill Treaties: Treaty of Paris- February 6, 1899, annexation question was settled with the Senate's approval of this treaty. The U.S. now had an empire that included Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. Section 4: America as a World PowerMain Idea: The Russo-Japanese War, the Panama Canal, and the Mexican Revolution added to America's military and economic power.
Important People: Francisco "Pancho" Villa and Emiliano Zapata-opposed Carranza's provisional government. Zapata- son of mestizo peasant- was dedicated to land reform John J. Pershing- an expeditionary force of about 15,000 ordered into Mexico to capture Villa dead or alive Important Terms: Panama Canal- The U.S. had to get permission from Colombia, which then ruled Panama to build this. Roosevelt Corollary- added to the Monroe Doctrine, warned that disorder in Latin America might "force the U.S....to the exercise of an international police power. Dollar Diplomacy- used to justify keeping European powers out of the Carribean |